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A monster's Challenge Rating is a quick estimate of how deadly it is to a party of four adventurers of a level roughly equal to that CR. Defeating it grants the listed XP, and its CR sets the proficiency bonus used for its attack rolls, save DCs, and skill checks. CR runs from 0 (harmless) through 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 up to 30 (world-ending).

Conditions temporarily change what a creature can do. Most come from spells, monster abilities, or the environment, and end when their cause does. Here are all fifteen:

Blinded

Can't see; auto-fails sight checks. Attacks against it have advantage; its own attacks have disadvantage.

Charmed

Can't attack the charmer or target it with harmful effects; the charmer has advantage on social checks with it.

Deafened

Can't hear; auto-fails hearing checks.

Exhaustion

Six worsening levels: disadvantage on checks (1), half speed (2), disadvantage on attacks & saves (3), half max HP (4), speed 0 (5), death (6).

Frightened

Disadvantage on checks & attacks while the source of fear is in sight; can't willingly move closer to it.

Grappled

Speed 0. Ends if the grappler is incapacitated or the two are forced apart.

Incapacitated

Can't take actions or reactions.

Invisible

Unseen without special senses; counts as heavily obscured. Attacks against it have disadvantage; its attacks have advantage.

Paralyzed

Incapacitated; can't move or speak; auto-fails Str & Dex saves. Attacks against it have advantage, and any hit within 5 ft is a critical hit.

Petrified

Turned to stone: incapacitated, weight ×10, ageing stops. Resists all damage; immune to poison and disease.

Poisoned

Disadvantage on attack rolls and ability checks.

Prone

Can only crawl unless it stands. Disadvantage on its attacks; melee attacks against it have advantage, ranged have disadvantage.

Restrained

Speed 0; disadvantage on Dex saves and its own attacks. Attacks against it have advantage.

Stunned

Incapacitated; can't move; speaks haltingly; auto-fails Str & Dex saves. Attacks against it have advantage.

Unconscious

Incapacitated; drops what it holds and falls prone; auto-fails Str & Dex saves. Attacks against it have advantage, and any hit within 5 ft is a critical hit.

Equipment packs are a fast way to kit out a new character. Each bundles common gear at a discount:

Explorer's Pack (10 gp)

Backpack, bedroll, mess kit, tinderbox, 10 torches, 10 days of rations, waterskin, 50 ft of hempen rope.

Dungeoneer's Pack (12 gp)

Backpack, crowbar, hammer, 10 pitons, 10 torches, tinderbox, 10 days of rations, waterskin, 50 ft of hempen rope.

Burglar's Pack (16 gp)

Backpack, bag of 1,000 ball bearings, 10 ft of string, bell, 5 candles, crowbar, hammer, 10 pitons, hooded lantern, 2 flasks of oil, 5 days of rations, tinderbox, waterskin, 50 ft of hempen rope.

Priest's Pack (19 gp)

Backpack, blanket, 10 candles, tinderbox, alms box, 2 blocks of incense, censer, vestments, 2 days of rations, waterskin.

Entertainer's Pack (40 gp)

Backpack, bedroll, 2 costumes, 5 candles, 5 days of rations, waterskin, disguise kit.

Scholar's Pack (40 gp)

Backpack, book of lore, bottle of ink, ink pen, 10 sheets of parchment, little bag of sand, small knife.

Diplomat's Pack (39 gp)

Chest, 2 cases for maps and scrolls, fine clothes, bottle of ink, ink pen, lamp, 2 flasks of oil, 5 sheets of paper, vial of perfume, sealing wax, soap.